An Electrode Array Sensor for Tongue Cancer Detection With Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopic Tomography

Abstract

Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopic Tomography (BIST) has been proposed for the detection of tongue tumors. The proposed method is based on Electrode Array Sensor that enables the localization of tongue tumor and quantitative evaluation of the maximum tumor dimension <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . In this study, the detection capability of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) at different positions of the Electrode Array Sensor is investigated by numerical analysis. In addition, the detection sensitivity of Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) of tumor tissue at different positions of the sensor is also investigated. The sensitivity of the sensor is higher than the other excitation fields when the tumor tissue is located in the center of the excitation field. Adipose tissue from beef and porcine is selected to mimic tongue tissue. Five tongue models prepared with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max} =3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}=4.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}=6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}=7.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}=9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. The results of BIST detection experiments showed that BIST method is able to localize tumor tissue of different dimensions on the tongue, with the best EIT imaging at Pos2 of the sensor. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}''_{{\mathrm {relax}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is found to be different dimensions of tumor tissue by BIS detection, which increased with the increase of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Finally, curve fitting is performed between <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z} ''_{{\mathrm {relax}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the tumor tissue. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of tumor tissue is calculated according to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z} ''_{{\mathrm {relax}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , which helps doctors determine the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) classification of tumor tissue.