Quantum Computing: Fundamentals, Implementations and Applications

TLDR

Quantum computing offers high‑density, high‑performance computing beyond CMOS, drawing researchers, yet its quantum foundations make it challenging for newcomers. This note aims to introduce quantum computing’s key aspects to researchers, engineers, and scientists. The authors review the field’s history, core concepts, and recent advances in ion‑trap, superconducting, NMR, spintronics, and semiconductor implementations, contextualized by the DiVincenzo criteria.

Abstract

Quantum Computing is a technology, which promises to overcome the drawbacks of conventional CMOS technology for high density and high performance applications. Its potential to revolutionize today's computing world is attracting more and more researchers towards this field. However, due to the involvement of quantum properties, many beginners find it difficult to follow the field. Therefore, in this research note an effort has been made to introduce the various aspects of quantum computing to researchers, quantum engineers and scientists. The historical background and basic concepts necessary to understand quantum computation and information processing have been introduced in a lucid manner. Various physical implementations and potential application areas of quantum computation have also been discussed in this paper. Recent developments in each realization, in the context of the DiVincenzo criteria, including ion traps based quantum computing, superconducting quantum computing, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computing, spintronics and semiconductor based quantum computing have been discussed.