Time-resolved measurements of electron density and plasma diameter of 1 kHz femtosecond laser filament in air

Abstract

The temporal evolutions of electron density and plasma diameter of 1 kHz femtosecond laser filament in air are experimentally investigated by utilizing a pump-probe longitudinal diffraction method. A model based on scalar diffraction theory is proposed to extract the spatial phase shift of the probe pulse from the diffraction patterns by the laser air plasma channel. The hydrodynamic effect on plasma evolution at 1 kHz filament is included and analyzed. The measured initial peak electron density of 10 18 cm -3 in our experimental conditions decays rapidly by nearly two orders of magnitude within 200 ps. Moreover, the plasma channel size rises from 90 m to 120 m as the delay time increases. The experimental observation is in agreement with numerical simulation results by solving the rate equations of the charged particles.