Identification of Mobility-Resolved <i>N</i>-Glycan Isomers

Abstract

Glycan analysis has evolved considerably during the last decade. The advent of high-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry has enabled the separation of isomers with only the slightest of structural differences. However, the ability to separate such species raises the problem of identifying all the mobility-resolved peaks that are observed, especially when analytical standards are not available. In this work, we report an approach based on the combination of IMSⁿ with cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy to identify <i>N</i>-glycan reducing-end anomers. By identifying the reducing-end α and β anomers of diacetyl-chitobiose, which is a disaccharide that forms part of the common core of all <i>N</i>-glycans, we are able to assign mobility peaks to reducing anomers of a selection of <i>N</i>-glycans of different sizes, starting from trisaccharides such as Man-1 up to glycans containing nine monosaccharide units, such as G2. By building an infrared fingerprint database of the identified <i>N</i>-glycans, our approach allows unambiguous identification of mobility peaks corresponding to reducing-end anomers and distinguishes them from positional isomers that might be present in a complex mixture.