Intercalation of Small Organic Molecules into Ti₃C₂T<i>_x</i> MXene Cathodes for Flexible High‐Volume‐Capacitance Zn‐Ion Microsupercapacitor

Abstract

Abstract The delamination of 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene endows the injection of various ions and small organic molecules into its layers, thus leading to a tunable distance between layers and adjustable electrochemical properties. A suitable selection of intercalators needs to be considered according to the relevant metal‐ion‐based energy storage device because of the different radii of metal ions such as Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ Zn 2+ , etc. Herein, the intercalation of N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), LiCl (H 2 O) into Ti 3 C 2 T x cathodes and their electrochemical performance comparisons by fabricating Zn‐ion microsupercapacitors (MSCs) is reported. Studies found that an increased calculated interlayer space of 3.42, 7.47, 7.79, 8.3 Å is obtained for the H 2 O, DMSO, ACN, DMAC intercalated Ti 3 C 2 T x cathodes, and a decreased calculated binding energy of −0.03, −0.78, −1.91, and −3.06 eV is obtained for the Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐H 2 O, Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐DMSO, Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐ACN, and Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐DMAC, respectively. The highest interlayer space, lowest binding energy, and amide groups make the DMAC intercalated Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐ based MSC exhibit volumetric capacitance of 1873 F cm −3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s −1 , much higher than 1103 F cm −3 for Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐H 2 O, 1313 F cm −3 for Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐ACN, 544 F cm −3 for Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐DMSO. The superior flexibility that results in invariable capacitance under 5000 bending cycles, together with the lighting test of the fabricated MSC, demonstrates its application in the wearable integrated system.