Progress in Microalgae Application for CO2 Sequestration

Abstract

The use of microalgae for CO2 sequestration helps in mitigating global warming. This paper reviews the application of microalgae for CO2 sequestration with emphasis on performance evaluation, lifecycle, economic assessment, as well as environmental impact. The CO2 sequestration mechanism is done during photosynthesis, via bioconcentration. Performance evaluation revealed that the efficiency of capture and sequestration of CO2 by microalgae ranges between 40% and 93.7%. However, the macro performance of microalgae in carbon emission reduction has not yet been fully understood, and therefore requires more studies. Also, the cost-effectiveness of the CO2 sequestration by microalgae cultivation still needs more research based on recent economic realities. It is recommended that design and operation be focused on cost-effectiveness so the technology can compete favourably with existing technologies. Overall, it can be surmised that the application of microalgae for CO2 sequestration is an effective technique for carbon capture, but still has interesting areas for development for greater global environmental impact.