ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: ALMA-Herschel Joint Study of Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxies across z ≃ 0.5 – 6

Abstract

Abstract We present an ALMA-Herschel joint analysis of sources detected by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) at 1.15 mm. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE data at 100–500 μ m are deblended for 180 ALMA sources in 33 lensing cluster fields that are detected either securely (141 sources; in our main sample) or tentatively at S/N ≥ 4 with cross-matched HST/Spitzer counterparts, down to a delensed 1.15 mm flux density of ∼0.02 mJy. We performed far-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling and derived the physical properties of dusty star formation for 125 sources (109 independently) that are detected at &gt;2 σ in at least one Herschel band. A total of 27 secure ALCS sources are not detected in any Herschel bands, including 17 optical/near-IR-dark sources that likely reside at z = 4.2 ± 1.2. The 16th, 50th, and 84th percentiles of the redshift distribution are 1.15, 2.08, and 3.59, respectively, for ALCS sources in the main sample, suggesting an increasing fraction of z ≃ 1 − 2 galaxies among fainter millimeter sources ( f 1150 ∼ 0.1 mJy). With a median lensing magnification factor of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , ALCS sources in the main sample exhibit a median intrinsic star formation rate of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>94</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>54</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>84</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> M ⊙ yr −1 , lower than that of conventional submillimeter galaxies at similar redshifts by a factor of ∼3. Our study suggests weak or no redshift evolution of dust temperature with L IR &lt; 10 12 L ⊙ galaxies within our sample at z ≃ 0 − 2. At L IR &gt; 10 12 L ⊙ , the dust temperatures show no evolution across z ≃ 1–4 while being lower than those in the local universe. For the highest-redshift source in our sample ( z = 6.07), we can rule out an extreme dust temperature (&gt;80 K) that was reported for MACS0416 Y1 at z = 8.31.