Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Potentials and Chemical Composition of Salvia officinalis and Mentha suaveolens Grown Wild in Morocco

Abstract

This work evaluated in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> (<i>S</i>. <i>officinalis</i>) and <i>Mentha suaveolens</i> (<i>M</i>. <i>suaveolens</i>) essential oils (EO). The EOs were extracted, and their chemical composition was determined using GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of <i>S</i>. <i>officinalis</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>suaveolens</i> EO were shown to be remarkable. Furthermore, <i>S</i>. <i>officinalis</i> EO demonstrated better antioxidant findings (using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP test) than <i>M</i>. <i>suaveolens</i> EO (<i>p</i> < 0.5). There were no significant differences in the inhibitory effects of the EOs on <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase activities in the antidiabetic assays. All of the examined bacterial strains (10 different strains), with the exception of <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i>, demonstrated significant sensitivity to the tested EOs, with <i>M</i>. <i>suaveolens</i> EO exhibiting better activity than <i>S</i>. <i>officinalis</i> EO. Thus, the research indicated that EO from these two medicinal plants has considerable potential for application in the formulation of antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic pharmaceuticals. However, more research studies are required to interpret the pharmacologic action of the studied EOs and their principal constituents and to confirm their safety.