Toward High-Voltage Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries with Double-Layer Polymer Electrolytes

Abstract

Solid polymer electrolyte batteries with a Li-metal anode and high-voltage active materials hold promising prospects to increase the energy density and improve the safety of conventional Li-ion batteries. An adequate choice of the polymers used for the cathode (catholyte) and for the separator (electrolyte) to create a sufficient energy gap and improve the chemical compatibility at both the positive electrode and Li-metal anode is required. The present work highlights the advantages of the double-layer polymer electrolyte approach in cells with a LiNixMnyCozO2 active material, a poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) catholyte, and a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte. Replacing PEO in the catholyte with PPC results in a remarkably improved cycling performance. In addition, the higher lithium transference number of electrolytes with single lithium ion conductors leads to a smooth cycling of solid-state batteries. Cells with 1 mAh cm–2 deliver 160 mAh g–1, with a capacity retention above 80% over 80 cycles and a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%.