Radiation doses in the United Kingdom breast screening programmes 2016–2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To record the radiation doses involved in UK breast screening and to identify any changes since previous publications related to technical factors and the population screened. METHODS: Mammographic exposure factors for 68,998 women imaged using 411 X-ray sets spread across the UK were compiled. Local output and half value layer measurements for each X-ray set were used to estimate mean glandular dose (MGD) using the standard UK method. RESULTS: Mean MGDs in digital mammography have increased by 11% since 2010-12 for both medio-lateral oblique (MLO) and cranio-caudal (CC) views. The mean compressed breast thickness (CBT) has increased (4.8% CC, 5.2% MLO) over the same period. The mean MLO CBT value of 62.4 ± 0.1 mm is outside the 50 to 60 mm range used for diagnostic reference levels. The increase in MGD is consistent with the CBT changes. The mean MGD in the 50 to 60 mm CBT range is 1.44 ± 0.03 mGy for MLO views. CBT varies with age and peaks at 51. CONCLUSIONS: Mean CBT has increased with time, and this has increased mean MGDs for digital mammography. CBT also varies with age. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Updated average MGDs in the UK are provided. There is evidence that breast size is increasing in the UK and that mean CBT is affected by age-related changes in the breast.