Antifungal Activity of Soft Tissue Extract from the Garden Snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda, Mollusca)

Abstract

Gastropods comprise approximately 80% of molluscans, of which land snails are used variably as food and traditional medicines due to their high protein content. Moreover, different components from land snails exhibit antimicrobial activities. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of soft tissue extracts from <i>Helix aspersa</i> against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i> by identifying extract components using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Two concentrations of three extracts (methanol, acetone, and acetic acid) showed antifungal activity. Both acetone (1 g/3 mL) and acetic acid extracts (1 g/mL) significantly inhibited <i>C.</i><i>albicans</i> growth (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, 5.2 ± 0.2 mm and <i>p</i> = 0.02, 69.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively)<i>. A. flavus</i> and <i>A. brasiliensis</i> growth were inhibited by all extracts at 1 g/mL, while inhibition was observed for acetic acid extracts against <i>A. brasiliensis</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02, 50.3 ± 3.5 mm). The highest growth inhibition was observed for <i>A. flavus</i> using acetic acid and acetone extracts (inhibition zones = 38 ± 1.7 mm and 3.1 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). LC-MS-MS studies on methanol and acetone extracts identified 11-α-acetoxyprogesterone with a parent mass of 372.50800 <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> and 287.43500 <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> for luteolin. Methanol extracts contained hesperidin with a parent mass of 611.25400 <i>m</i>/<i>z</i>, whereas linoleic acid and genistein (parent mass = 280.4 and 271.48900 <i>m</i>/<i>z</i>, respectively) were the main metabolites.