Prospects and problems of wireless communication for underwater sensor networks

TLDR

The physical waves considered are sound, radio, and light. The paper reviews the physical fundamentals and engineering implementations for efficient wireless communication using physical waves among nodes in an underwater sensor network. The review focuses on underwater sensor networks with densely deployed nodes, analyzing acoustic, radio, and optical carriers based on physics and engineering principles. The comparison study leads to recommendations for selecting communication carriers and engineering countermeasures that can enhance communication efficiency in specific underwater environments. © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract

Abstract This paper reviews the physical fundamentals and engineering implementations for efficient information exchange via wireless communication using physical waves as the carrier among nodes in an underwater sensor network (UWSN). The physical waves under discussion include sound, radio, and light. We first present the fundamental physics of different waves; then we discuss and compare the pros and cons for adopting different communication carriers (acoustic, radio, and optical) based on the fundamental first principles of physics and engineering practice. The discussions are mainly targeted at underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) with densely deployed nodes. Based on the comparison study, we make recommendations for the selection of communication carriers for UWSNs with engineering countermeasures that can possibly enhance the communication efficiency in specified underwater environments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.