The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being.

TLDR

Social exchange theory highlights that social interaction involves both rewards and costs, yet research on psychological well‑being has largely overlooked the negative aspects of social relations. This study examined how positive versus negative social outcomes affect well‑being in older women. The study surveyed 120 widowed women aged 60–89. Regression analyses showed that negative social outcomes were consistently and more strongly associated with well‑being than positive ones, a pattern not explained by differences among women with varying levels of problematic ties, underscoring the need to assess specific content of social relations and informing the design of social network interventions.

Abstract

Social exchange theory has long emphasized that social interaction entails both rewards and costs. Research on the effects of social relations on psychological well-being, however, has generally ignored the negative side of social interaction. This study examined the relative impact of positive and negative social outcomes on older women's well-being. The sample consisted of 120 widowed women between the ages of 60 and 89. Multiple regression analyses revealed that negative social outcomes were more consistently and more strongly related to well-being than were positive social outcomes. This effect of negative social involvement did not appear to be due to major differences among women with high versus moderate or low levels of problematic social ties. Analyses of variance indicated that these three groups of women differed neither in important background characteristics nor in indices of social competence. The results demonstrate the importance of assessing the specific content of social relations. Implications for the design of social network interventions are discussed.