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Pathogenesis of Sodium and Water Retention in High-Output and Low-Output Cardiac Failure, Nephrotic Syndrome, Cirrhosis, and Pregnancy

Electrolyte DisorderHeart FailureRenal FunctionLow-output Cardiac FailureMedicinePhysiologyElectrolyte DisturbanceNephrotic SyndromeWater RetentionRenal PathophysiologyChronic Kidney DiseaseOsmoregulationNephrology