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Interaction of Pavlovian conditioning with a zero operant contingency: Chronic exposure to signaled inescapable shock maintains learned helplessness effects.

Helplessness EffectsBehavioral SciencesEmotion RegulationBehavioral NeuroscienceAffective NeuroscienceAdaptive EmotionSocial SciencesChronic ExposurePublic HealthConditioningExperimental PsychologyEmotionVoluntary ControlPsychologyExperimental Analysis Of BehaviorPavlovian Conditioning