Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1989 · 355 citations · 0 references
Social SciencesPsychologySocial PsychologyGroup DynamicsGroup ProcessesIntergroup RelationsAggressionAggressive BehaviorIntergroup AttitudesIntergroup BiasIntergroup ConflictIntergroup ThreatGroup AggressionIntergroup AggressionIntergroup AngerIntergroup InfluenceIntergroup Relationships
The study examined which factors predict intergroup aggression and how it relates to in‑group bias. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing perceptions of their own religious group and the ultraorthodox out‑group, and reported aggression toward the ultraorthodox. In‑group favoritism did not predict aggression, but perceived intergroup conflict strongly predicted aggression, with dehumanization and empathy boundary permeability partially mediating this effect, especially among highly in‑group‑identified individuals, and the findings also supported belief‑congruence theory.
Investigated predictors of intergroup aggression and its relations to in-group bias. In a questionnaire, 156 Israeli adults reported perceptions of their own religious group and of the ultraorthodox Jewish out-group and expressed aggression toward the ultraorthodox (opposing institutions that serve their needs, supporting acts harmful to them, and opposing interaction with them). Respondents showed in-group favoritism in trait evaluations, but this bias was unrelated to aggression. Perceived inter-group conflict of interests, the postulated motivator of aggression, predicted it strongly. The effects of conflict on aggression were partially mediated by 2 indexes of dehumanizing the out-group (perceived value dissimilarity and trait inhumanity) and by 1 index of probable empathy with it (perceived in-group-out-group boundary permeability). These variables related to aggression more strongly among persons who identified highly with their in-group. The variables also mediated the effects of religious group affiliation on aggression. The value dissimilarity finding supports derivations from belief congruence theory.