Oppositional biogeography-based optimisation applied to SMES and TCSC-based load frequency control with generation rate constraints and time delay

Abstract

This article introduces biogeography-based optimisation (BBO) and oppositional BBO for solving load frequency control (LFC) in power system. Two widely employed test systems, viz. two-area multi-unit thermal-thermal and three-area thermal power plant, are considered for analysis. To make the study realistic, inherent power system nonlinearities like time delay, generation rate constraint and reheater are included. 2nd order Pade approximation is used to find linear model of time delay. To provide additional damping to frequency and tie-line power oscillations caused by sudden load perturbation, optimal thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) are design in coordination to LFC for the concerned power systems. An extensive comparative analysis is performed to established superiority of proposed method over other recently published algorithms. Simulation results show that coordinated LFC-TCSC-SMES controller yields greater dynamic performance compared to other. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller.