Use of Hyaluronidase in the Treatment of Granulomatous Hyaluronic Acid Reactions or Unwanted Hyaluronic Acid Misplacement

Abstract

Background In the past, reactions or misplacement of soft tissue fillers has been fraught with anxiety because time has been the main thrust for improvement in spite of ancillary treatments. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid in the skin and also assists in the management of granulomatous foreign-body reactions to hyaluronic acid. These reactions may be caused by allergy to the material or immunologic response to the protein contaminants in the hyaluronic acid preparations. Dissolution of material in erroneous placement of material and in allergic reactions can be a time saver and a deterrent to patient dissatisfaction. Objective To evaluate the use of hyaluronidase in the treatment of both allergic reactions and the erroneous misplacement of hyaluronic acid in the skin. Methods A case of persistent granulomatous reaction to injectable hyaluronic acid and a case of hyaluronic acid erroneous misplacement with their successful subsequent treatments using intracutaneous hyaluronidase are reported, along with illustrative examples of hyaluronidase use. Results The use of hyaluronidase reduced the patient discomfort within 24 to 48 hours, deterring any patient anxiety or patient dissatisfaction. Conclusions Hyaluronidase has a place in the treatment of allergic reactions to hyaluronidase and in the erroneous misplacement of the material.