A study of smoothing methods for language models applied to Ad Hoc information retrieval

Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval

Gerard Salton, Chris Buckley · Information Processing & Management · 1988 · 9.5K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Computational Linguistics +13

THE POPULATION FREQUENCIES OF SPECIES AND THE ESTIMATION OF POPULATION PARAMETERS

I. J. Good · Biometrika · 1953 · 3.3K citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Ecology +11

A language modeling approach to information retrieval

Jay Ponte, W. Bruce Croft · 1998 · 1.7K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Computational Linguistics +11

Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the language model component of a speech recognizer

Slava M. Katz · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · 1987 · 1.7K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Computational Linguistics +10

Improving retrieval performance by relevance feedback

Gerard Salton, Chris Buckley · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · 1990 · 1.5K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Information Systems +15