Numerical and Experimental Calibration of a Calorimetric Sample Cell Dedicated to Nuclear Heating Measurements

Abstract

Online nuclear measurements inside experimental channels of material testing reactors (MTRs) are needed for experimental works (to design mock-ups) and for numerical works (input data) in order to better understanding complex phenomena occurring during the accelerated ageing of materials and the irradiation of nuclear fuels. In this paper, we focus only on one kind of measurements: nuclear heating performed by means of a radiometric calorimeter. The aims of numerical and experimental works are firstly to optimize the sensor response: in particular the sensitivity for new energy deposit ranges (new lower nuclear heating level in the reflector), and then to miniaturize and adapt this sensor for irradiation conditions in the Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR). A calorimeter, developed previously by the CEA, is studied. It corresponds to a graphite differential calorimeter. It is used with a nonadiabatic mode called heat flow mode too. Experimental calibration of the sample cell is presented. In that case, energy deposit is simulated by Joule effect and the sample cell is inserted into a bath at a regulated temperature and controlled flow. The response of the sensor is discussed versus electrical power imposed for two flow rates. Numerical works show the influence of the gas conductivity and of specific dimensions on the cell sensitivity.