Advanced Materials · 2008 · 118 citations · 38 references
Natural SciencesBiophysicsChemistryBiomedical OpticsBiophotonicsSensorsChemical SensorsFluorescence ImagingFluorescence MicroscopyFluorescence SpectroscopyOptical ImagingOptical SensorsFluorescence MonitoringFluorescence SensorsFluorescence-based SensingFluorescent BiosensingFluorescent Chemical ProbesFluorescent ProbesFluorescent SensorsOptical Properties
Fluorescence microscopy can image only intrinsically fluorescent species or those labeled with probes, leaving many analytes such as oxygen, pH, CO₂, ammonia, and glucose without detectable signals, yet many applications require spatial mapping of such parameters. The authors propose using “sensor paints” to enable spatially resolved detection of these otherwise nonluminescent analytes. Sensor paints change their optical properties in response to a (bio)chemical parameter; by coating the target surface and imaging the resulting color or fluorescence, the technique allows real‑time, large‑area monitoring of physical and chemical conditions.
Abstract Fluorescence microscopy is widely used for chemical imaging of intrinsically fluorescent chemical species, such as chlorophylls, or nonfluorescent species (e.g., DNA) that have been labeled appropriately or to which a relevant molecular probe has been added. However, there are numerous analytes that neither have an intrinsic luminescence nor can be rendered luminescent with the help of labels or probes. Such parameters include oxygen, pH, CO 2 , ammonia, and glucose. There are also numerous applications where the 2D distribution of a chemical or physical parameter is of interest. The use of a “sensor paint” is ideal in such situations. The state of this new technology is discussed herein with emphasis on current and future trends, for example, the use of pressure‐ and temperature‐sensitive paints; known technological limitations are also discussed. These “paints” respond to a (bio)chemical parameter with a change in their optical properties. The object of interest is painted and the color or fluorescence of the paint is monitored by optical imaging. This technique enables monitoring of physical and chemical parameters, over relatively large areas and in real time. magnified image
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Probes and Polymers for Optical Sensing of Oxygen
Yutaka Amao · Microchimica Acta · 2003 · 443 citations
Dual-luminophor pressure-sensitive paint
Gamal E. Khalil, Colin D. Costin, Jim Crafton et al. · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · 2003 · 225 citations