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Status, communality, and agency: Implications for stereotypes of gender and other groups.
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1996
Year
Gendered PerceptionStatus AttainmentSocial PsychologyGeneral InstantiationSocial StratificationSocial SciencesHigh-status IndividualsGender DisparityGender IdentityGender StudiesOther GroupsSocial NormsStereotypesMinority StudiesSocial IdentityGendered ContextIntersectionalityApplied Social PsychologySocial Identity TheoryCorrespondence BiasGender StereotypeSociologyGender Roles
Four studies addressed the hypothesis, based on correspondence bias, that low- relative to high-status individuals are perceived as more communal and less agentic. Study 1 instantiated status in terms of occupations, and findings were as expected. The findings of Study 2 reconciled those of Study 1 and of A.H. Eagly and V.J. Steffen (1984) in that they demonstrated that high-status occupations are differentially construed in terms of their interpersonal communal demands. The hypothesis received clear support in Studies 3 and 4, in which a general instantiation of status independent of occupations, social roles, and gender was adopted. The findings are discussed in terms of gender stereotypes and social role theory of gender (A.H. Eagly, 1987) as well as in terms of other stereotypes.