Concepedia

Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · 1997 · 88 citations · 34 references

TL;DR

Studies compare collaborative and individual recall, noting that both groups exhibit picture‑superiority, level‑of‑processing, and hypermnesia effects, and that social and cognitive mechanisms may influence performance. Experiment 1 encoded pictures and words with deep or shallow processing and tested recall individually or collaboratively, while Experiment 2 had participants recall Bartlett’s “War of the Ghosts” collaboratively or individually. Collaborative recall exceeded individual recall yet fell short of nominal group performance, showing collaborative inhibition, greater temporal stability, high organization, and a tendency to rely on the strongest member, especially in story recall.

Abstract

Two experiments compared collaborative and individual recall. In Experiment 1, participants encoded pictures and words with a deep or shallow processing task, then recalled them twice either individually or collaboratively. Collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups (pooled individuals), thus exhibiting collaborative inhibition. However, group recall appeared to be more stable over time than individual recall. Groups and individuals both showed a picture-superiority effect, a level-of-processing effect, and hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, participants recalled the story "War of the Ghosts" (from F. C. Bartlett, 1932), and again collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups. Both the individual and collaborative recalls were highly organized. There was evidence that the collaborative groups tended to rely on the best individual to a greater extent in story than in list recall. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms are considered.