Electrorheological Fluids

Abstract

Materials that switch from liquid-like to solid-like upon application of an electric field are termed electrorheological fluids. The general features and preparation of these smart materials are reviewed before recent advances in the improvement and applications (e.g., sensors, damping devices, inks) of these fluids are described. Materials ranging from aluminosilicate (see Figure) and carbonaceous inorganic materials to liquid-crystal polymers to semiconductive polymers can be used to fabricate electrorheological fluids.