The role of motivation in the conceptual model of motor development in childhood

TLDR

The study aimed to determine whether perceived motor competence mediates the relationship between actual motor competence and physical activity, and to assess how intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external motivations influence this pathway. Researchers surveyed 504 Spanish children aged 8–12 (46.2% girls) using questionnaires to assess motor competence, motivation, and physical activity. Results revealed that perceived motor competence mediates the link between actual motor competence and physical activity, with intrinsic motivation further mediating this association; intrinsic and introjected motivations directly predicted physical activity, underscoring the importance of fostering intrinsic motivation to promote children’s physical activity and motor development.

Abstract

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to investigate whether perceived motor competence (PMC) mediates the relation between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity (PA) according to the conceptual model of motor development, and second to examine the role of different motivational regulations (i.e., intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external regulation) in the relationship between PMC and PA. A sample of 504 Spanish students (46.2% girls, 8–12 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. In relation to the first aim, structural equation modeling revealed that PMC indeed mediates the association between AMC and PA. In relation to the second aim, positive associations between AMC and PMC (β = 0.32, p < .001), which in turn was positively related to intrinsic and identified regulations (β = 0.46 and β = 0.43 respectively, p < .001), were found. The model showed direct paths from intrinsic and introjected regulation to PA (β = 0.27 and β = 0.22, p < .05) and indirect paths from PMC through intrinsic motivation to PA (β = 0.13, p < .05). This study confirms that intrinsic motivation mediates the association between PMC and PA. Strategies targeting to build and develop children's AMC and PMC, and fostering children's intrinsic motivation should be targeted to promote children's PA engagement and motor development.