The influence of transarterial chemoembolization on serum levels of soluble programed cell death ligand‐1 in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Abstract

The level of sPD-L1 was associated with tumor aggressiveness and outcomes, suggesting its role as a possible predictive biomarker. The increases in sPD-L1 after TACE suggests that combined treatment with TACE and ICIs may be a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC. One week after TACE might be a suitable time to begin the administration of immunotherapy.