A portable visual coffee ring based on carbon dot sensitized lanthanide complex coordination to detect bisphenol A in water

Abstract

In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor along with a portable coffee ring visualized detection method for bisphenol A (BPA) was developed based on carbon dots. The probe was formed by the coordination polymerization of Eu³⁺ and 5'-adenosine monophosphate on the surface of carbon dots containing a large number of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity ratio and the concentration of BPA had a good linear relationship in a wide range of 0.1-100 μM with a detection limit of 20 nM (S/N = 3). The recoveries of the added standard BPA in water samples ranged from 91.80 to 102.7% with relative standard deviation values no more than 1.84% (<i>n</i> = 3). In addition, the changes of the fluorescence color of the CDs@Eu-AMP suspension with different BPA concentrations can be easily visualized under a UV lamp by the naked eye, which highlights the great potential of the coffee ring detection method for the fast and convenient monitoring of BPA in real water samples.