The Articulation of Genomics, Mestizaje, and Indigenous Identities in Chile: A Case Study of the Social Implications of Genomic Research in Light of Current Research Practices

Abstract

Genomic research has contributed significantly to our understanding of present-day human biological diversity, health, and disease. However, at the same time, genomic research has historically excluded marginalized groups. In the past decades, the increased access to genomic technologies and data has been paired with efforts to improve sampling diversity by including African descendants and Indigenous peoples. The rationale of these efforts is that disparities in research participation can potentially lead to inequalities in the benefits derived from genomic research (Lee, 2021). Nonetheless, this diversification push has had its pitfalls without clear protocols that improve protection to participants' DNA data access, data use, and intellectual property against commodification (Fox, 2020). Moreover, Indigenous participation in research continues to be framed in colonial power structures, which are often masked in "reciprocity" and "justice" undermining Indigenous peoples' sovereignty, self-determination, and governance