Enhancement of bandwidth in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers with amplitude-modulated light

Abstract

We demonstrate the bandwidth enhancement of an all-optical spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer based on amplitude-modulated (AM) light. Alkali metal atoms are modulated directly by the pump beam instead of the modulation field or radio frequency field. The first harmonic demodulation of an AM SERF magnetometer with a modulation intensity of 15 kHz results in a high bandwidth of over 11 kHz with a sensitivity of 20 fT/Hz1/2 at 30 Hz and 60 fT/Hz1/2 at 10 kHz. Meanwhile, the AM SERF magnetometer with DC demodulation presents the same sensitivity as a traditional DC SERF magnetometer (6 fT/Hz1/2 at 30 Hz). The presented technique for modulating the amplitude of the pump beam allows AM SERF magnetometers to enter the domain of high-bandwidth magnetometers and opens the door to many areas that are inaccessible to conventional magnetometers.