Programmed death-ligand 1 signaling and expression are reversible by lycopene via PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Taken together, this study firstly confirmed PD-L1 expression and signaling are reversible by lycopene via PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in TSCC. Our study provides a sounder basis for comprehending PD-L1 signaling and expression and prevention and treatment of TSCC.