Nephroprotective potential of Boerhaavia diffusa and Tinospora cordifolia herbal combination against diclofenac induced nephrotoxicity

Abstract

Synergism among herbals or phytochemicals potentiates incredible biological effects thus mitigating several acute and chronic ailments. Boerhaavia diffusa (BD) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) are well-known medicinal plants used as the folk medicinal regimen for treating various ailments. Due to lack of scientific evidence, the study is aimed to evaluate the synergistic nephroprotective potential of BD and TC herbal combination against diclofenac (DCF)-induced nephrotoxicity. HPTLC analysis was performed for quantification of polyphenols followed by network pharmacological analysis to investigate the multi-mechanistic role of polyphenols in alleviating chronic kidney disease (CKD). The herbal combination exhibited significant (p < 0.05) nephroprotective effect by reducing renal oxidative, and inflammatory stress. Network pharmacological analysis showed multiple physiological roles of polyphenols in kidney malfunction by regulating several genomes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), etc. and thus providing an effective therapeutic regimen as BD and TC in the glance of naturals.