Natural SciencesPhysicsAtomic PhysicsOpticsPhotonicsLaser OpticsLaser PhysicsNonlinear OpticsOptical SourcesStark EffectUltrafast OpticsIon OpticsSpin ExchangeSpin Exchange InteractionsSpin Exchange Optical PumpingSpin PumpingSpin RelaxationSpin Relaxation MechanismsStimulated Emission
Optical pumping of ground-state and metastable atoms and ions is reviewed. We present a critical survey of the literature on pumping mechanisms, light propagation, relaxation mechanisms, spin exchange, and experimental details on the various atomic species which have been successfully pumped.
176
The Effect of Collisions upon the Doppler Width of Spectral Lines
R. H. Dicke · Physical Review · 1953 · 1.5K citations
The Dynamical Character of Adsorption
J. H. DEBOER · Soil Science · 1953 · 815 citations