Direct Imaging of Lipid Metabolic Changes in Drosophila Ovary During Aging Using DO-SRS Microscopy

Abstract

Emerging studies have shown that lipids and proteins play versatile roles in various aspects of aging. High-resolution <i>in situ</i> optical imaging provides a powerful approach to study the metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins during aging. Here, we integrated D₂O probing and stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to directly visualize metabolic changes in aging <i>Drosophila</i> ovary. The subcellular spatial distribution of <i>de novo</i> protein synthesis and lipogenesis in ovary was quantitatively imaged and examined. Our Raman spectra showed that early stages follicles were protein-enriched whereas mature eggs were lipid-enriched. DO-SRS imaging showed a higher protein synthesis in the earlier developing stages and an increased lipid turned over at the late stage. Aged (35 days) flies exhibited a dramatic decrease in metabolic turnover activities of both proteins and lipids, particularly, in the germ stem cell niche of germarium. We found an accumulation of unsaturated lipids in the nurse cells and oocytes in old flies, suggesting that unsaturated lipids may play an important role in the processes of oocyte maturation. We further detected changes in mitochondrial morphology and accumulation of Cytochrome c during aging. To our knowledge, this is the first study that directly visualizes spatiotemporal changes in lipid and protein metabolism in <i>Drosophila</i> ovary during development and aging processes. Our study not only demonstrates the application of a new imaging platform in visualizing metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins <i>in situ</i> but also unravels how the metabolic activity and lipid distribution change in <i>Drosophila</i> ovary during aging.