Publication | Open Access
High-Harmonic Generation and Correlated Electron Emission from Relativistic Plasma Mirrors at 1 kHz Repetition Rate
22
Citations
54
References
2022
Year
Correlated Electron EmissionEngineeringRadiation GenerationPhysicsLaser Plasma PhysicsRelativistic Plasma MirrorsPlasma TheoryApplied PhysicsEnergetic ElectronsRelativistic PlasmaLaser Plasma PhysicLaser-plasma InteractionPlasma PhysicsRelativistic Laser-matter InteractionHigh-harmonic GenerationPlasma PhotonicsFirst GenerationPlasma Mirrors
We report evidence for the first generation of XUV spectra from relativistic surface high-harmonic generation (SHHG) on plasma mirrors at a kilohertz repetition rate, emitted simultaneously with energetic electrons. SHHG spectra and electron angular distributions are measured as a function of the experimentally controlled plasma density gradient scale length <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for three increasingly short and intense driving pulses: 24 fs and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn> </mml:math> , 8 fs and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> </mml:math> , and finally 4 fs and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.1</mml:mn> </mml:math> , where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is the peak vector potential normalized by <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:math> with the elementary charge <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:math> , the electron rest mass <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and the vacuum light velocity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> . For all driver pulses, we observe correlated relativistic SHHG and electron emission in the range <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced close="]" open="["> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> , with an optimum gradient scale length of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:math> . This universal optimal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -range is rationalized by deriving a direct intensity-independent link between the scale length <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and an effective similarity parameter for relativistic laser-plasma interactions.
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