Ultrafast and efficient energy transfer in a one- and two-photon sensitized rhodamine-BODIPY dyad: a perspective for broadly absorbing photocages

Abstract

In view of the demand for photoactivatable probes that operate in the visible (VIS) to near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum, we designed a bichromophoric system based on a rhodamine fluorophore and a BODIPY photocage. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) measurements and quantum chemical calculations reveal excellent two-photon properties of the employed rhodamine derivative. Excitation of the rhodamine unit <i>via</i> a one- or two-photon process leads to excitation energy transfer (EET) onto the BODIPY part, which is followed by the liberation of the leaving group. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy provides evidence for a highly efficient EET dynamics on a sub-500 femtosecond scale. Complementary quantum dynamical calculations using the multi-layer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) approach highlight the quantum coherent character of the EET transfer. Photorelease of <i>p</i>-nitroaniline (PNA) was investigated by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy by either excitation of the rhodamine or the BODIPY moiety. Even though a quantitative assessment of the PNA yield could not be achieved for this particular BODIPY cage, the present study provides a design principle for a class of photocages that can be broadly activated between 500 and 900 nm.