Polyoxometalate Modified by Zeolite Imidazole Framework for the pH-Responsive Electrodynamic/Chemodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have the potential for future tumor treatment; however, their underlying applications are greatly hindered owing to their inherent drawbacks. The combination of EDT and CDT has been considered to be an effective way to maximize the superiorities of these two ROS-based methodologies. However, the development of novel nanomaterials with "one-for-all" functions still remains a big challenge. In this work, the polyoxometalate nanoparticles (NPs) were decorated using the zeolite imidazole framework (POM@ZIF-8) in order to integrate the EDT with CDT. The resulting POM@ZIF-8 NPs can effectively induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) <i>via</i> a catalytic reaction on the surface of POM NPs induced by an electric field (E). At the same time, POM@ZIF-8 NPs can catalyze the intracellular H₂O₂ into ROS <i>via</i> a Fenton-like reaction, thereby achieving the combination of EDT and CDT. Besides, since ZIF-8 is acid-responsive, it can protect normal tissues and avoid side effects. Of great note is that the cytotoxicity and the apoptosis rate of the POM@ZIF-8+E group (80%) were found to be significantly higher than that of the E group (55%). As a result, a high tumor inhibition phenomenon can be observed both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The present study thus provides an alternative concept for combinational therapeutic modality with exceptional efficacy.