Sexual Dimorphism in Small-intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Lower Prevalence of Mesenteric Disease in Premenopausal Women

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs was most pronounced in mesenteric disease, and the risk of mesenteric metastasis in women increased around menopause. The combination of increased ERα and AR expression in the SI-NET microenvironment suggests a modulating role of sex steroids in the development of the characteristic SI-NET mesenteric metastasis and associated fibrosis.