Understanding barriers and facilitators to compliance with UK social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative interview study

Abstract

ObjectivesWhen followed, there is evidence that social distancing measures play a major role in reducing the transmission of viruses such as COVID-19. However, not all individuals follow the guidance. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to compliance with United Kingdom social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodSemi-structured interviews with 116 adults. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and themes mapped to domains of the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B).Main Outcome MeasuresWe identified 12 themes affecting compliance to UK social distancing guidelines.ResultsBarriers to compliance included inconsistent rules, caring responsibilities, fatigue, unintended consequences of control measures, and the need for emotional support. Facilitators were informational support and social responsibility. Six themes acted both as a barrier or facilitator: lived environment and shared spaces, beliefs about consequences of non-compliance, influence of others, practical social support, and trust in government. Conclusions Participants experienced a range of barriers and facilitators to compliance, often dependent on individual circumstances. Reflective motivation, psychological capability and social opportunity were important drivers for compliance. Measures that enable social support alongside strategies that help maintain motivation to comply, provide clear guidance and optimise social cohesion should be promoted.