Optimization of Multi-Band Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems using Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

The miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas has grown into a key issue in decreasing the overall size of the communication system. The genetic algorithm is employed in this article to enhance the dimension reduction of a radiating patch antenna. The dimensions of an elliptical patch is modified to change the radiating frequency, while maintaining the constant physical dimensions. Indeed, the primary patch is split into 10*10 smallerevenunits(Pixels), and the genetic algorithm realizes the simplest structure to get the better results. VSWR bandwidths of less than 2 and return loss bandwidths of −41db, −29dB and −24dB are obtained for the operational frequencies of 2.48 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 7.2GHz. The resonant frequency of thepatch is changed from2.25GHz to 2.48GHz, 4.15GHz to 5.2GHz, and 6.5GHz to 7.2GHz, with a miniaturization rate of up to 82 percent. An microstrip optimized antenna prototype was built and tested with a FR4 substrate to authenticate the procedure. The designed antenna possess the radiating characteristics suitable for wireless communications.