Whole Genome Sequence of an Edible Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata (Daqiugaigu)

Abstract

<i>Stropharia rugosoannulata,</i> also known as Daqiugaigu in China, is a well-known edible mushroom that has been widely cultivated in China in recent years. Many studies have focused on its nutrients, bioactive compounds, and lignin degradation capacity, although there are few molecular and genetic breeding studies due to the lack of genomic information. Here, we present the 47.9 Mb genome sequence of an <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> monokaryotic strain (A15), which has 20 contigs and an N50 of 3.64 Mb, which was obtained by a combination of Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. Further analysis predicted 12,752 protein-coding genes, including 486 CAZyme-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close evolutionary relationship between <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> and <i>Hypholoma sublateritium</i>, <i>Psilocybe cyanescens</i>, and <i>Galerina marginata</i> based on single-copy orthologous genes. Proteomic analysis revealed different protein expression profiles between the cap and the stipe of the <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> fruiting body. The proteins of the stipe associated with carbon metabolism, energy production, and stress-response-related biological processes had higher abundance, whereas proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis and mRNA splicing showed higher expression in the cap than in the stipe. The genome of <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> will provide valuable genetic resources not only for comparative genomic analyses and evolutionary studies among <i>Basidiomycetes</i> but also for alleviating the bottlenecks that restrict the molecular breeding of this edible mushroom.