Dual-polarization thin-film lithium niobate in-phase quadrature modulators for terabit-per-second transmission

Abstract

We report, to our knowledge, the first dual-polarization thin-film lithium niobate coherent modulator for next-generation optical links with sub-1-V driving voltage and 110-GHz bandwidth, enabling a record single-wavelength 1.96-Tb/s net data rate with ultrahigh energy efficiency.