Comparison of the Efficiency of Lepidium sativum, Ficus carica, and Punica granatum Methanolic Extracts in Relieving Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis revealed that the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds were present in <i>L. sativum</i> seeds and <i>P. granatum</i> leaves, while leaves of <i>F. carica</i> showed the highest amounts of alkaloid and flavonoid content compared to other extracts. Oral administration of <i>F. carica</i> and <i>L. sativum</i> extracts at the dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced glucose, lipid profile, kidney, and liver enzyme levels. A significant increase in HbAlc levels was also observed with <i>L. sativum</i> extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg compared to diabetic controls. Mellitus rats supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg methanolic extracts of <i>P. granatum</i> had higher serum triglycerides and lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than normal control rats. <i>F. carica</i> extract is more effective than <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>P. granatum</i> extracts in the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences.