Synchronization Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Inverter: A Black Box Methodology

Abstract

Driven by the demands of carbon footprint reduction, the conventional fossil-based generators are gradually being replaced by grid-forming inverter. One crucial aspect of grid-forming inverter is synchronization stability, which is not only related to the inverter power-frequency (P-f) dynamic but also influenced by power grid characteristics as well as grid impedances. From the perspective of a local inverter, it is difficult to know the detailed information. As a result, severe oscillations and even the loss of synchronization may occur and pose a great threat to the power grid. To overcome this problem, a black-box approach is presented in this article. Initially, a frequency-domain identification approach is proposed to acquire the power grid characteristic by the inverter itself. Based on the measurement results, the P-f dynamic of grid-forming inverter is explicitly reshaped to ensure the synchronization stability. The proposed methodology does not require any prior power system knowledge or the trivial modeling process. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by hardware experimental results.