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Face stability of EPB shield tunnels in multilayered ground with soft sand lying on hard rock considering dynamic excavation process: A DEM study

Geotechnical EngineeringRock TestingEngineeringEpb Shield TunnelsFoundation EngineeringUnderground SpaceCivil EngineeringTunnelingFloating TunnelGeomechanicsUnderground ConstructionFace StabilityHard Rock