Snakebite in herpetologists

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To define the risk of snake envenomation in herpetologists, assess factors which lead to their being bitten, assess their occupational morbidity and propose preventive stratagems. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Interview of 14 of the most experienced professional herpetologists in Queensland; and questionnaire to 14 members of the Cape York Peninsula Herpetological Society, Cairns, Queensland. RESULTS: The 28 herpetologists had sustained 119 bites by potentially dangerous species, and hundreds of clinically insignificant bites. Seventeen had been admitted to hospital. Only five had never been bitten by a medically dangerous snake and 14 had been bitten on two or more occasions. Correct first-aid techniques were applied in less than half the bites. Two had permanent morbidity--renal damage, and permanent tissue damage to the hands. Anaphylactic reactions from the repeated use of antivenom did not occur. The experienced herpetologists sustained a life-threatening bite every 10 years (median). Four herpetologists had been bitten by the western taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), the world's most venomous snake. CONCLUSIONS: Herpetologists working with highly venomous snakes are at high risk. Prevention involves recognising the risk; possessing a first-aid certificate; applying standard first-aid if a bite is sustained; carrying a mobile telephone; and not working alone.