Multiple myeloma in a patient at risk for AIDS.

Abstract

An increased incidence of tumors and B-cell lymphomas development has been reported in persons with or at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This report focuses on a 50-year-old homosexual man with HIV antibodies who met the established criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma: an IgG monoclonal spike greater than 2 g/dl and a plasma cell count greater than 20% in the bone marrow aspirate. Serum protein immunoelectrophoresis showed monoclonal IgG kappa, and in the urine no excess of kappa chains was found. Laboratory data revealed a total IgG of 38 g/l, IgA of 5.2 g/l, and IgM of 2.3 g/l; the calcium level was normal; ESR was 119/130, and no plasmocytoid cells were seen in the differential count. No lytic lesions were found in the skeletal survey. The helper/suppressor T-cell ratio was depleted with 0.1 and HLA-DR was highly elevated with 56% in the immunofluorescent analysis. The development of the most differentiated B-cell tumor broadens the spectrum of B-cell neoplasias in patients with a predominant helper T-cell defect and focuses on the role of disordered immunoregulation and chronic antigenic stimulation in predisposing to B-cell malignant transformation associated with AIDS.