Solid state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes

TLDR

Enzymes are critical industrial biocatalysts used across biotechnology, and solid‑state fermentation offers a promising, cost‑effective route for their production, especially when crude fermented products can be directly applied. This review examines the production of industrial enzymes via solid‑state fermentation. The review surveys SSF systems, covering microorganisms, substrates, fermenter design, influencing factors, and catalogs cellulolytic, pectinolytic, ligninolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic enzyme production.

Abstract

Enzymes are among the most important products. obtained for human needs through microbial sources. A large number of industrial processes in the areas of industrial, environmental and food biotechnology utilize enzymes at some stage or the other. Current developments in biotechnology are yielding new applications for enzymes. Solid state fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of enzymes. Tt can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented products may be used directly as enzyme sources. This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes. Following a brief discussion of the micro-organisms and the substrates used in SSF systems, and aspects of the design of fermenter and the factors affecting production of enzymes, an illustrative survey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as cellulolytic, pectinolytic, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes, etc.