Increasing PV Self-Consumption, Domestic Energy Autonomy and Grid Compatibility of PV Systems Using Heat-Pumps, Thermal Storage and Battery Storage

Abstract

Self-consumption of locally generated electricity from domestic PV Systems is limited to 25-35% in Central Europe due to lack of synchronization between generation and load [1]. Adding heat-pumps and thermal storage provide efficient means to shift loads in time and thereby increase levels of self-consumption and local autonomy. The paper analyses these effects for different building standards. The listed self-consumption and autonomy levels are a result of simulations that involve analysis of the time-series of solar radiation, outside temperature, hot water demand and electricity demand for a whole year. Battery storage is added to complete the picture. Finally storage-control algorithms are proposed and simulated, which allow reduction of the peak injection into the grid to as low as 70% of the nominal peak-output power of the installed domestic PV system.