Electrochemistry · 1999 · 22 citations · 9 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectrochemistryMaterials ChemistrySurface ScienceBattery Cell ChemistryBattery MaterialsElectrochemical CellsElectrochemical Energy StorageElectrode MaterialsElectrode-electrolyte InterfacesExfoliationLithium-ion BatteriesLithium-ion Battery MaterialsPassive FilmPassive Film FormationPotential CyclingPyrolytic GraphiteRechargeable Batteries
Surface morphology change of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was investigated in 1 M (M = mol dm−3) LiClO4 dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) and PC + 0.5 M 12-crown-4 using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy to elucidate the mechanism of passive film formation on graphite electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries. In PC, vigorous exfoliation of graphite layers was observed after potential cycling down to 0 V vs. Li/Li+. Such exfoliation was greatly suppressed by 12-crown-4 addition. The original step structure was nearly maintained, but swellings of graphite surface appeared after potential cycling. From these results, the role of 12-crown-4 in passive film formation was discussed.
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