Controlled Synthesis of Well-Defined Polyaminoboranes on Scale Using a Robust and Efficient Catalyst

Abstract

The air tolerant precatalyst, [Rh(L)(NBD)]Cl (<b>[1]Cl</b>) [L = κ³-(^<i>i</i>Pr₂PCH₂CH₂)₂NH, NBD = norbornadiene], mediates the selective synthesis of <i>N</i>-methylpolyaminoborane, (H₂BNMeH)_<i>n</i>, by dehydropolymerization of H₃B·NMeH₂. Kinetic, speciation, and DFT studies show an induction period in which the active catalyst, Rh(L)H₃ (<b>3</b>), forms, which sits as an outer-sphere adduct <b>3·H</b>_<b>3</b><b>BNMeH</b>_<b>2</b> as the resting state. At the end of catalysis, dormant Rh(L)H₂Cl (<b>2</b>) is formed. Reaction of <b>2</b> with H₃B·NMeH₂ returns <b>3</b>, alongside the proposed formation of boronium [H₂B(NMeH₂)₂]Cl. Aided by isotopic labeling, Eyring analysis, and DFT calculations, a mechanism is proposed in which the cooperative "PNHP" ligand templates dehydrogenation, releasing H₂B═NMeH (Δ<i>G</i>^‡_calc = 19.6 kcal mol^-1). H₂B═NMeH is proposed to undergo rapid, low barrier, head-to-tail chain propagation for which <b>3</b> is the catalyst/initiator. A high molecular weight polymer is formed that is relatively insensitive to catalyst loading (<i>M</i>_n ∼71 000 g mol^-1; <i>Đ</i>, of ∼ 1.6). The molecular weight can be controlled using [H₂B(NMe₂H)₂]Cl as a chain transfer agent, <i>M</i>_n = 37 900-78 100 g mol^-1. This polymerization is suggested to arise from an ensemble of processes (catalyst speciation, dehydrogenation, propagation, chain transfer) that are geared around the concentration of H₃B·NMeH₂. TGA and DSC thermal analysis of polymer produced on scale (10 g, 0.01 mol % <b>[1]Cl</b>) show a processing window that allows for melt extrusion of polyaminoborane strands, as well as hot pressing, drop casting, and electrospray deposition. By variation of conditions in the latter, smooth or porous microstructured films or spherical polyaminoboranes beads (∼100 nm) result.